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Intravenous fosaprepitant dimeglumine (Emend(®) for injection, IVEmend(®); henceforth referred to as fosaprepitant) is a prodrug of and is rapidly converted to the antiemetic aprepitant, and is approved in several countries worldwide (as part of an antiemetic regimen) for the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with highly and moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC and MEC). This narrative review discusses the pharmacological properties of intravenous fosaprepitant and its clinical efficacy and tolerability in the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with HEC and MEC. In large, randomized phase III clinical trials, a single intravenous dose of fosaprepitant 150 mg was an effective and generally well tolerated addition to an antiemetic regimen that included dexamethasone and a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist in adult cancer patients undergoing treatment with HEC or MEC. It was also noninferior to an oral aprepitant-based regimen in adult cancer patients undergoing HEC treatment. The tolerability profile of a fosaprepitant-based regimen was typical of that in patients receiving emetogenic chemotherapy, and adverse events were generally consistent with those observed with an aprepitant-based regimen. Fosaprepitant provides a useful addition to antiemetic therapy regimens.